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Value stream

A value stream is the end-to-end sequence of activities that delivers a product or feature to a customer. Value-stream mapping (VSM) makes the stream visible, identifies waste (handoffs, queues, rework), and prioritises improvements. For software, the value stream usually starts with idea capture and ends with the customer using the deployed change.

Value-stream thinking comes from Lean manufacturing (Toyota Production System). In software, the dominant waste is queue time between stages — PRs waiting for review, stories waiting for PM acceptance, releases waiting for QA. A VSM exercise lays out every stage with average wait time vs work time, and the answer is almost always: 80% of lead time is waiting. Process mining is the tool that quantifies this without needing a workshop.

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