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Escaped defect
A bug that reaches production despite passing through testing — it 'escaped' the quality process and was found by a user or in monitoring rather than before release. Escaped-defect counts, and the ratio of escaped to caught, measure how effective testing actually is, independent of how many tests a team happens to have written.
Escaped defects are the honest scoreboard for a test strategy: a suite with 90% coverage that still leaks crashes weekly is less valuable than a leaner one that doesn't. Each escape is also a free test case — the discipline of adding a regression test for every escaped defect turns production incidents into permanent safety-net improvements.